A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Leu-Lie-Val would be

A possible sequence of nucleotides in DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Leu-Lie-Val would be

a. 5' TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3'

b. 3' AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5'

c. 3' AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5'

d. 3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'

Answer: D

A frameshift mutation could result from

A frameshift mutation could result from

a. a base insertion only.

b. a base deletion only.

c. a base substitution only.

d. deletion of three consecutive bases.

e. either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Answer: E

With each replication of the DNA molecule, the DNA molecule becomes shorter.

With each replication of the DNA molecule, the DNA molecule becomes shorter.

a. This is best explained by the fact that DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 5' end

b. This problem is resolved by telomerase, which extends the 3' end of the DNA

c. This is not a problem because the telomere is a nonessential repeating unit

d. This is true only if the organism has been exposed to excessive amounts of ultraviolet radiation

e. This is due to the fact that thymine dimers cause DNA to buckle and interfere with DNA replication

Answer: B

In DNA, the designations 3' and 5' refer to the

In DNA, the designations 3' and 5' refer to the

a. bonds formed between phosphate groups and carbon atoms of deoxyribose.

b. carbon or nitrogen atoms on the rings of purine or pyrimidines.

c. cross-linking of the third and fifth carbon atoms of deoxyribose.

d. bonding between purines and deoxyribose and between pyrimidines and deoxyribose.

e. bonds that form between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine.

Answer: A

The 3' Poly-A tail is attached to

The 3' Poly-A tail is attached to

a. the Poly-A polymerase enzyme.

b. the mRNA.

c. the tRNA.

d. the coding strand of the DNA molecule.

e. the template strand of the DNA molecule.

Answer: B

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are occasionally interspersed with non-coding sequences that must be removed before protein synthesis. These are called

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are occasionally interspersed with non-coding sequences that must be removed before protein synthesis. These are called

a. anticodons.

b. introns.

c. exons.

d. nucleosomes.

e. chromomeres.





Answer: E

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that lines up on the mRNA is

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that lines up on the mRNA is

a. an intron.

b. an exon.

c. a release factor.

d. an initiation factor.

e. an anticodon.







Answer: E

The 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA is called the

The 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA is called the

a. codon.

b. anticodon.

c. amino acid.

d. transcript.

e. template.








Answer: A

Similar to the complementary purine-pyrimidine relationship observed in DNA, which of the following choices pairs with adenine in RNA?

Similar to the complementary purine-pyrimidine relationship observed in DNA, which of the following choices pairs with adenine in RNA?

a. Thymine

b. Cytosine

c. Guanine

d. Uracil









Answer: D

Amino acids are transported to the ribosome for use in building the polypeptide by

Amino acids are transported to the ribosome for use in building the polypeptide by

a. mRNA molecules.

b. tRNA molecules.

c. DNA polymerase molecules.

d. rRNA molecules.

e. DNA ligase molecules.






Answer: B

When multiple snRNPs combine to form a larger complex called a ___________ the intron loops out and is excised.

When multiple snRNPs combine to form a larger complex called a ___________ the intron loops out and is excised.

a. synapse

b. introsome

c. exon

d. spliceosome







Answer: D

In _________, a ribosome assembles a polypeptide, whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA (which itself is a copy of the template DNA).

In _________, a ribosome assembles a polypeptide, whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA (which itself is a copy of the template DNA).

a. transcription

b. translation

c. replication

d. synthesis






Answer: B

Transcription begins at a RNA polymerase-binding site called a _____.

Transcription begins at a RNA polymerase-binding site called a _____.

a. ribosome

b. replicator

c. inducer

d. promoter.






Answer: D

The expression of a gene involves two phases, ___________ and translation.

The expression of a gene involves two phases, ___________ and translation.

a. replication

b. transcription

c. unwinding

d. condensation







Answer: B

Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to 5' ATGGTCAGT 3'?

Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to 5' ATGGTCAGT 3'?

a. 5' ATGGTCAGT 3'

b. 5' TGACTGGTA 3'

c. 5' TACCAGTCA 3'

d. 5' ACTGACCAT 3'







Answer: D

The lagging strand is replicated with stretches of Okazaki fragments and that is why its synthesis is considered to be

The lagging strand is replicated with stretches of Okazaki fragments and that is why its synthesis is considered to be

a. discontinuous.

b. continuous.

c. primed.

d. never stopping.

e. semiconservative.








Answer: A

Replication always proceeds by adding new bases to the

Replication always proceeds by adding new bases to the

a. 1' end.

b. 2' end.

c. 3' end.

d. 4' end.

e. 5' end.







Answer: C

The chemical bond connecting one nucleotide with the next one along the nucleic acid chain is called a

The chemical bond connecting one nucleotide with the next one along the nucleic acid chain is called a

a. C = C bond.

b. hydrogen bond.

c. hydrophobic bond.

d. phosphodiester bond.

e. peptide bond.







Answer: D

DNA polymerase requires a(n)

DNA polymerase requires a(n)

a. amino acid primer.

b. lipid primer.

c. hydrophilic primer.

d. DNA primer.

e. RNA primer.





Answer: E

Hershey-Chase concluded from their experiment with T2 bacteriophage that

Hershey-Chase concluded from their experiment with T2 bacteriophage that

a. proteins are the genetic material.

b. polysaccharide coat contains the genetic material.

c. DNA is the genetic material.

d. viruses are needed for DNA to function.

e. DNA contains sulfur.

Answer: C