The Endocrine System
Showing posts with label The Endocrine System. Show all posts
Showing posts with label The Endocrine System. Show all posts

How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?

Naim 06:36

How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?



A) by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
B) by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure
C) by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin
D) by blocking the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response



Answer: A

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?

Naim 06:36

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?



A) It causes positive feedback.
B) It does not require a second messenger to effect a response.
C) It is very specific in the cell type it targets.
D) It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells.



Answer: B

A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.

Naim 06:35

A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.



A) FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males.
B) The physician is wronga hormone made in the adenohypophysis could not influence fertility.
C) FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.
D) The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH.




Answer: C

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________.

Naim 06:34

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________.




A) the cell's sensitivity reaction
B) cellular affinity
C) up-regulation
D) a reaction to a stressor




Answer: C

Aldosterone ________.

Naim 06:34

Aldosterone ________.



A) is secreted by the neurohypophysis
B) functions to increase sodium reabsorption
C) presence increases potassium concentration in the blood
D) production is greatly influenced by ACTH




Answer: B

Which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis?

Naim 06:33

Which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis?




A) Increased calcitonin levels will cause increased blood calcium levels.
B) High calcium levels cause bone resorption.
C) Parathyroid hormone causes an increase in osteoblast activity.
D) Parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood.



Answer: D

ACTH ________.

Naim 06:33

ACTH ________.



A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary
B) secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion
C) causes the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla
D) is not a tropic hormone




Answer: B

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________.

Naim 06:33

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________.




A) enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormone-containing blood to the pituitary
B) enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary
C) travel by arteries to the pituitary
D) first enter into the hypophyseal portal system


Answer: D

Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include ________.

Naim 06:33

Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include ________.



A) possible activation of several different second-messenger systems
B) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase formation of an active second messenger
C) formation of a specific protein kinase that acts on a series of extracellular intermediates
D) hormone binding to intracellular receptors




Answer: A

Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells?

Naim 06:32

Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells?



A) extracellular receptors with a specificity for only a single amino acid sequence on the hormone
B) an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP
C) second-messenger systems
D) a hormone-receptor complex that interacts directly with the cell's DNA




Answer: D

Leptin is secreted by ________.

Naim 06:31

Leptin is secreted by ________.




A) lymphocytes
B) adipocytes
C) goblet cells
D) fibroblasts



Answer: B
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