In a multicellular organism, nerve cells are different from muscle cells because

In a multicellular organism, nerve cells are different from muscle cells because 

a. each cell type has a unique set of transcription factors and repressors, so it expresses a specific set of genes.
b. each type of cell within a multicellular organism contains a different set of genes.
c. random events within each cell regulate the expression of genes and result in different genes being expressed in different cells.
d. cells gain and lose different genes during embryonic development, so each cell in an adult only has some genes from the original set,


Answer: a. each cell type has a unique set of transcription factors and repressors, so it expresses a specific set of genes.

Hox genes determine an animal's

Hox genes determine an animal's 

a. body plan.
b. size.
c. skin color.
d. eye color.


Answer: a. body plan.

What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes?

What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes? 

a. mRNA
b. transcription factors
c. dicer enzymes
d. silencing complexes


Answer: b. transcription factors

Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they

Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they 

a. do not want the genes to become worn out.
b. cannot control the translation of proteins.
c. do not carry the complete genetic code in their nuclei.
d. do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes


Answer: d. do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes

Gene regulation in eukaryotes

Gene regulation in eukaryotes 

a. usually involves operons.
b. is simpler than in prokaryotes.
c. allows for cell specialization.
d. includes the action of an operator region


Answer: c. allows for cell specialization.

Which of the following is involved in regulating gene expression in prokaryotes, but not in eukaryotes?

Which of the following is involved in regulating gene expression in prokaryotes, but not in eukaryotes? 

a. operon
b. TATA box
c. promoter sequences
d. enhancer sequences


Answer: a. operon

Which is involved with the regulation of eukaryotic genes?

Which is involved with the regulation of eukaryotic genes? 

a. operon
b. DNA polymerase
c. TATA box
d. operator


Answer: c. TATA box

When E. coli is grown on glucose, and there is no lactose available

When E. coli is grown on glucose, and there is no lactose available 

a. lactose molecules bind to the lac repressor.
b. the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon.
c. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the lac operon.
d. the lac genes are transcribed into messenger RNA.


Answer: b. the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon.

A lac repressor turns OFF the expression of the lac genes by

A lac repressor turns OFF the expression of the lac genes by 

a. binding to the promoter.
b. DNA polymerase.
c. binding to the operator.
d. binding to the lac genes.



Answer: c. binding to the operator.

In E, coli, the lac operon controls the

In E, coli, the lac operon controls the 

a. breakdown of lactose.
b. production of lactose.
c. breakdown of glucose.
d. production of glucose


Answer: a. breakdown of lactose.

Which of the following statements is true about gene regulation in prokaryotes?

Which of the following statements is true about gene regulation in prokaryotes? 

a. Promoters determine whether a gene is expressed.
b. Expressed genes make more DNA.
c. DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed.
d. RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.


Answer: c. DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed.

What are some characteristics of polyploidy plants?

What are some characteristics of polyploidy plants? 

a. They tend to be weaker and smaller than diploid plants.
b. They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants.
c. They tend to be weaker, but bigger than diploid plants.
d. They tend to be smaller, but stronger than diploid plants.


Answer: b. They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants.

Most mutations

Most mutations 

a. have no effect on an organism.
b. are fatal to an organism.
e. are helpful to an organism.
d. are harmful to an organism.


Answer: a. have no effect on an organism.

When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is

When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is 

a. repeated.
b. lost.
c. reversed.
d. transferred


Answer: b. lost.

One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that

One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that 

a. A gene mutation affects the DNA of more genes than a chromosomal mutation.
b. A gene mutation can involve insertion or deletion, but cannot result in a frameshift.
c. A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell.
d. A chromosomal mutation is more likely to be passed on to offspring or daughter cells.


Answer: c. A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell.

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?

a. inversion
b. insertion
c. point mutation
d. substitution


Answer: a. inversion

A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called

A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called 

a. a mutagen.
h. an inversion.
c. a point mutation.
d. a translocation.


Answer: c. a point mutation.

In eukaryotes

In eukaryotes 

a. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus.
b. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
c. Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus.
d. Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.


Answer: b. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.

Which of the following best describes what happens during gene expression?

Which of the following best describes what happens during gene expression? 

a. A cell reads the instructions in DNA and builds a protein based on those instructions.
b. A gene is copied many times so that all of a cell's daughter cells will have their own copy.
c. The nucleus of a cell builds cellular proteins based on the sequence of the mRNA code.
d. A single gene leaves the nucleus of a cell and travels through the cytoplasm to the membrane.


Answer: a. A cell reads the instructions in DNA and builds a protein based on those instructions.

What is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?

What is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology? 

a. Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA.
b. Viruses sometimes transfer information from DNA to RNA.
c. Viruses sometimes transfer information from proteins to DNA.
d. Viruses can translate without RNA.


Answer: a. Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA.