Archive for November 2017

Which of the following statements about platelets is INCORRECT?

Naim 20:52

Which of the following statements about platelets is INCORRECT?




- Platelets are essential for clotting process.
- Platelets are fragments of a larger cell called megakaryocyte.
- The life span of platelets is 30 to 60 days.
- The formation of platelets is regulated by the hormone thrombopoietin.
- Platelets contain serotonin, ADP, calcium and PDGF.



Answer: The life span of platelets is 30 to 60 days.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of blood?

Naim 20:51

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of blood?




- Its temperature is slightly higher than the body's temperature.
- Blood is thicker than water.
- The pH of blood varies between 7.15 to 7.25.
- The color of blood varies from scarlet red to dark red.



Answer: The pH of blood varies between 7.15 to 7.25.

Which of the following is a protective function of blood?

Naim 20:51

Which of the following is a protective function of blood?




- Preventing infection
- Maintaining normal pH in the body
- Delivering oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues
- Maintaining normal body temperature
- Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target tissues



Answer: Preventing infection

When red blood cells transport respiratory gases

Naim 20:50

When red blood cells transport respiratory gases




- both oxygen and carbon dioxide combine to the globin portion.
- carbon dioxide binds to the heme portion and oxygen binds to the globin portion.
- both oxygen and carbon dioxide combine to the heme portion.
- oxygen binds to the heme portion while carbon dioxide binds to the globin portion.



Answer: oxygen binds to the heme portion while carbon dioxide binds to the globin portion.

The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to

Naim 20:50

The terms biconcave and anucleated apply to




- white blood cells.
- leukocytes.
- thrombocytes.
- red blood cells.
- platelets.



Answer: red blood cells.

The most numerous leukocyte is the

Naim 20:50

The most numerous leukocyte is the




- monocyte.
- neutrophil.
- basophil.
- lymphocyte.
- eosinophil.



Answer: neutrophil.

The final step in clot formation is

Naim 20:50

The final step in clot formation is




- fibrinogen ? fibrin.
- formation of prothrombin activator.
- platelet plug formation.
- prothrombin ? thrombin.
- the release of chemical by platelets.



Answer: fibrinogen ? fibrin.

Renal dialysis patients usually suffer from anemia because

Naim 20:49

Renal dialysis patients usually suffer from anemia because




- a large number of RBCs are lost with urine.
- the life span of RBCs is shorter in kidney failure patients.
- the failed kidney destroys large number of RBCs.
- their kidneys stop sending the chemical required to stimulate the red bone marrow to cause RBC to mature faster.
- the kidney fails to stimulate the red bone marrow.



Answer: their kidneys stop sending the chemical required to stimulate the red bone marrow to cause RBC to mature faster.

Pernicious anemia may result from

Naim 20:49

Pernicious anemia may result from




- rupture of red blood cells due to parasites.
- abnormal production of hemoglobin due to genetic defect.
- the lack of vitamin B12 in diet or deficiency of intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12.
- excessive bleeding.
- the absent or depressed synthesis of globin chains.



Answer: the lack of vitamin B12 in diet or deficiency of intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12.

Granulocytes do NOT include

Naim 20:48

Granulocytes do NOT include




- basophils.
- neutrophils.
- PMN.
- monocytes.
- eosinophils.



Answer: monocytes.

During the life cycle of red blood cells,

Naim 20:48

During the life cycle of red blood cells,




- the globin portion of hemoglobin is degraded to bilirubin by the liver.
- RBCs are unable to synthesize proteins, grow, or undergo mitotic division.
- RBCs have life span of about 70 -80 days.
- the heme portion of hemoglobin is broken down to amino acids.
- old red blood cells are destroyed by the macrophages in the kidneys.



Answer: RBCs are unable to synthesize proteins, grow, or undergo mitotic division.

Diapedesis refers to

Naim 20:48

Diapedesis refers to




- the type of movement erythrocytes use in the tissue spaces.
- the escape of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces.
- the secretion of chemicals that trigger the inflammatory process.
- the chemical attraction leukocytes use to reach the site of tissue damage.
- the engulfing of foreign bodies by leukocytes.



Answer: the escape of leukocytes from blood vessels into tissue spaces.

Blood group O

Naim 20:47

Blood group O




- has the AB antigens on its plasma membrane.
- is a universal donor because they can give blood to all other groups.
- does NOT have the anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the serum.
- can receive blood from either group A or B but NOT from group AB.
- is a universal recipient because they can receive blood from all other groups.



Answer: is a universal donor because they can give blood to all other groups.

Tendon sheaths ________.

Naim 20:39

Tendon sheaths ________.




A) act as friction-reducing structures
B) are lined with dense irregular connective tissue
C) form channels for tendons
D) help anchor the tendon to the muscle



Answer: A

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the two bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint.

Naim 20:39

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the two bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint.




A) The scaphoid of the index finger and the triquetrum of the middle finger.
B) The trapezium of the ring finger and the capitate of the fourth finger.
C) The scaphoid of the middle finger and lunate of the index finger.
D) The trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.



Answer: D

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

Naim 20:39

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?


A) They allow movement only in one plane.
B) They allow movement in several planes.
C) They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.
D) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.





Answer: D

An example of an intraosseous fibrous joint is ________.

Naim 20:38

An example of an intraosseous fibrous joint is ________.




A) the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends
B) the radius and ulna along its length
C) between the vertebrae
D) between the humerus and the glenoid cavity




Answer: B

Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints?

Naim 20:38

Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints?




A) Joints develop in parallel with bones.
B) By the end of the fourth week, fetal synovial joints resemble adult joints.
C) All fibrous joints are in the adult form by the time of birth.
D) Joints develop independent of bone growth.




Answer: A

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.

Naim 20:38

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.



A) the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella
B) lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
C) cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together
D) the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly




Answer: B

Multiaxial joints of the body include ________.

Naim 20:37

Multiaxial joints of the body include ________.




A) the knee and elbow
B) the ankle and wrist
C) the hip and shoulder
D) intercarpal and intertarsal joints


Answer: C

Which of the following is a true statement?

Naim 20:37

Which of the following is a true statement?




A) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process.
B) The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.
C) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.
D) The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.




Answer: D

What can cause gouty arthritis?

Naim 20:36

What can cause gouty arthritis?



A) excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints
B) a disorder in the body's immune system resulting in destruction of joints
C) a thickening of the synovial membrane and a decrease in fluid production
D) a bacterial infection in the bursae





Answer: A

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.

Naim 20:34

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.


A) common due to the weight bearing the hip endures
B) rare because of the ligament reinforcement
C) common in all people who are overweight
D) rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint






Answer: B

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

Naim 20:32

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?




A) Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
B) Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.
C) Gliding movements are multiaxial.
D) An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.




Answer: A

What are menisci?

Naim 20:32

What are menisci?



A) cavities lined with cartilage
B) small sacs containing synovial fluid
C) semilunar cartilage pads
D) tendon sheaths




Answer: C

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

Naim 20:31

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?




A) amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility
B) interphalangeal joints
C) joints that permit angular movements
D) cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones



Answer: D

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

Naim 20:30

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.



A) pivot, hinge, and ball and socket
B) symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular
C) hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal
D) sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses





Answer: D

Synarthrotic joints ________.

Naim 20:30

Synarthrotic joints ________.



A) are found at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis of growing bone
B) are cartilaginous joints
C) permit essentially no movement
D) have large joint cavities





Answer: C

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

Naim 20:30

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?




A) Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
B) All synovial joints are freely movable.
C) Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
D) In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.





Answer: B

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.

Naim 20:27

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.



A) tend to run parallel to one another
B) are also called collateral ligaments
C) prevent hyperextension of the knee
D) assist in defining the range of motion of the leg




Answer: C

What do geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and stylohyoid have in common?

Naim 20:22

What do geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and stylohyoid have in common?



A) All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.
B) Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
C) All act on the tongue.
D) All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.




Answer: C

First-class levers ________.

Naim 20:22

First-class levers ________.



A) have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle
B) are typified by tweezers or forceps
C) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location
D) are the type found in the joints forming the ball of the foot as used in raising the body on the toes




Answer: C

To exhale forcibly, one would contract the:

Naim 20:19

To exhale forcibly, one would contract the:



A) diaphragm alone.
B) internal intercostals and diaphragm.
C) external intercostals and diaphragm.
D) rectus abdominis and diaphragm.




Answer: B

In a pennate muscle pattern ________.

Naim 20:18

In a pennate muscle pattern ________.



A) muscles appear to be straplike
B) there is a narrow origin diverging to a broad insertion
C) there is a broad origin and fascicles converge toward a single tendon
D) muscles look like a feather





Answer: D

Orbicularis oris ________.

Naim 20:18

Orbicularis oris ________.



A) closes, purses, and protrudes the lips
B) pulls the lower lip down and back
C) draws the eyebrows together
D) allows blinking, squinting, and various other protective mechanisms for the eye




Answer: A

In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the ________.

Naim 20:18

In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the ________.



A) biceps brachii acts as antagonist
B) triceps brachii acts as antagonist
C) brachioradialis acts as antagonist
D) coracobrachialis acts as antagonist





Answer: B

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?

Naim 20:17

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?




A) Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones.
B) The bones serve as levers.
C) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.
D) The movements produced may be of graded intensity.




Answer: C

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.

Naim 20:15

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.




A) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
B) lever system is useless
C) effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum
D) load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end




Answer: A

The extensor carpi radialis brevis ________.

Naim 20:12

The extensor carpi radialis brevis ________.




A) extends and abducts the wrist and is short
B) extends and adducts the wrist and has a small tendon
C) supinates the forearm and is a superficial muscle
D) extends the thumb and is a deep muscle



Answer: A

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?

Naim 20:12

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?




A) to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally
B) to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction
C) to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi
D) to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major




Answer: B

The suprahyoid muscles ________.

Naim 20:11

The suprahyoid muscles ________.



A) depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed
B) are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity
C) move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing
D) are often called strap muscles




Answer: B

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. When the term levator is part of the descriptive term for a muscle's action, this means that ________.

Naim 20:11

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. When the term levator is part of the descriptive term for a muscle's action, this means that ________.



A) the muscle flexes and rotates a region
B) the muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint
C) the muscle elevates and/or adducts a region
D) the muscle functions as a synergist





Answer: C

Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body?

Naim 20:11

Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body?



A) There are approximately the same number of muscles as bones: 206.
B) There are approximately 350 muscles in the body.
C) There are over 600 muscles in the body.
D) If one considers the very tiny, insignificant muscles, there are over 1000 muscles in the body.





Answer: C

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, you can assume that ________.

Naim 20:10

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, you can assume that ________.




A) the muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively
B) the muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively
C) the muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively
D) the muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively



Answer: A

What primarily determines the power of a muscle?

Naim 20:10

What primarily determines the power of a muscle?



A) the length
B) the shape
C) the number of neurons innervating it
D) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction




Answer: D

With regard to muscle fiber arrangement in a pennate muscle ________.

Naim 20:09

With regard to muscle fiber arrangement in a pennate muscle ________.



A) the fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle
B) the fascicular pattern is circular
C) the fascicles form a triangle
D) the fascicles are in a fusiform arrangement





Answer: A

What is the major factor controlling the manner in which levers work?

Naim 20:09

What is the major factor controlling the manner in which levers work?






A) the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever
B) the weight of the load
C) the direction the load is being moved
D) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum


Answer: D

Scissors demonstrate which type of lever?

Naim 20:09

Scissors demonstrate which type of lever?



A) a first-class lever
B) a second-class lever
C) a third-class lever
D) a fourth-class lever



Answer: A
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