Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal.
A) exchange across the...
Among vertebrate animals, urea
Among vertebrate animals, urea
A) is made in the pancreas and added to the intestinal contents, along with bile salts, for excretion.
B) is...
Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in
Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in
A) flatworms.
B) insects.
C) jellyfish.
D) sea stars.
E) earthworms.
Answer:...
If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains
If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains
A) collagenous fibers.
B) elastic fibers.
C) reticular fibers.
D)...
After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of
After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of
A) the osmoregulator cells of the brain increasing their activity.
B)...
The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the
The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the
A) medulla oblongata.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thyroid gland.
D) liver.
E)...
Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because
Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because
A) each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite.
B)...
All skeletal muscle fibers are both
All skeletal muscle fibers are both
A) striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers.
B) smooth and operate independently of other...
Which of the following is an accurate statement about thermoregulation?
Which of the following is an accurate statement about thermoregulation?
A) Endotherms are warm-blooded and ectotherms are cold-blooded.
B)...
A necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because
A necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because
A)...
Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely
Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely
A) found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture.
B) found in freshwater...
After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as
After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as
A) erythropoietin.
B)...
When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells, then
When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells, then
A) the steroid hormones affect only the...
In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are
In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are
A) prolactin and luteinizing hormone.
B)...
The autonomic nervous system includes an endocrine gland known as the
The autonomic nervous system includes an endocrine gland known as the
A) adrenal medulla.
B) adrenal cortex.
C) thyroid.
D) testis.
E) ova...
An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the
An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the
A) liver.
B) brain.
C) heart.
D) skeletal muscles.
E) ...
Within a normally functioning kidney, blood can be found in
Within a normally functioning kidney, blood can be found in
A) Bowman's capsule.
B) the loop of Henle.
C) the proximal tubule.
D) the vasa recta.
E)...
Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by
Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by
A) torpor.
B) evaporation.
C) shivering thermogenesis.
D) acclimatization.
E) nonshivering...
Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of
Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of
A) radiation.
B) conduction.
C) metabolism.
D) convection.
E) evaporation.
...
Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians
Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians
A) alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C.
B)...
Urea is
Urea is
A) more toxic to human cells than ammonia.
B) insoluble in water.
C) the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans.
D) the primary...
Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?
Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?
A) blubber or fat layer
B) vasoconstriction
C)...
Many marine and freshwater bony fish achieve osmoregulation via
Many marine and freshwater bony fish achieve osmoregulation via
A) loss of water in the urine.
B) no drinking of water.
C) gain of salt through...
The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in
The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in
A) a neuron in the spinal cord.
B) a steroid-producing...
Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes?
Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes?
A) ultrafiltration
B) excretion
C) selective reabsorption
D)...
Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?
Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?
A) insects and birds
B) lions and horses
C)...
The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an insect is based on the operation of
The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an insect is based on the operation of
A) metanephridia.
B) ananephredia.
C) Malpighian tubules.
D)...
An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the
An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the
A) protonephridia of rotifers.
B) flame...
Birds secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste because uric acid
Birds secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste because uric acid
A) requires little water for nitrogenous waste disposal, thus reducing...
Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with
Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with
A) adipose tissue.
B) connective tissue.
C) smooth muscle cells.
D) epithelial...
The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule
The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule
A) transfers large molecules as easily as small ones.
B) usually includes the...
Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up
Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up
A) organelles.
B) organ systems.
C) membranes.
D) organs.
E) organ...
An example of a connective tissue is the
An example of a connective tissue is the
A) cuboidal epithelium.
B) skin.
C) blood.
D) smooth muscles.
E) nerves.
Answer: ...
The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include
The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include
A) plasma proteins.
B) amino acids.
C) glucose.
D) dissolved...
ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?
ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?
A) ADH regulates the osmolarity of the...
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the
A) adrenal cortex.
B) adenohypophysis.
C) hypothalamus.
D) posterior pituitary.
E)...
Melatonin is secreted by
Melatonin is secreted by
A) the autonomic nervous system during the winter.
B) the thyroid gland during cold seasons.
C) the posterior pituitary...
An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioral options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a
An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioral options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a
A) terrestrial...
Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because
Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because
A) all share a common ancestor at some point in the past.
B) this...
The thermoregulatory response of an overheated dog in a very hot environment is impaired if the response causes
The thermoregulatory response of an overheated dog in a very hot environment is impaired if the response causes
A) body temperature to increase to...
Homeostasis typically relies on negative feedback because positive feedback
Homeostasis typically relies on negative feedback because positive feedback
A) requires a response but not a stimulus.
B) drives processes...
The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be ________ with its ________ environment.
The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be ________ with its ________ environment.
A) isotonic; freshwater
B) hypoosmotic; saltwater
C) hyperosmotic;...
The typical osmolarity of human blood is
The typical osmolarity of human blood is
A) 500 mosm/L.
B) 100 mosm/L.
C) 30 mosm/L.
D) 300 mosm/L.
E) 200 mosm/L.
Answer: ...
The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of
The increased contraction of the human uterus during labor and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of
A) oxytocin.
B) ecdysteroid.
C)...
Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by
Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by
A) drinking several glasses of water.
B) eating...
Natural selection should favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons in which of the following species?
Natural selection should favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons in which of the following species?
A) a mouse species living in...
Which nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?
Which nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?
A) uric acid
B) ammonia
C) urea
D) ammonium ions
Answer: ...
Which of the following has (have) both endocrine and exocrine activity?
Which of the following has (have) both endocrine and exocrine activity?
A) adrenal glands
B) the pituitary gland
C) the pancreas
D) parathyroid...
In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the
In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the
A) dendritic region.
B) synaptic terminals.
C) cell body.
D) axonal region.
E) synaps...
The endocrine glands include the
The endocrine glands include the
A) sebaceous glands.
B) parathyroid glands.
C) salivary glands.
D) sweat glands.
E) gallbladder.
Answer:...
When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na+ is increased along
When stimulated by aldosterone, the reabsorption of Na+ is increased along
A) Bowman's capsule.
B) the loop of Henle.
C) the glomerulus.
D)...
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