Exposing inner mitochondrial membrane's to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal inside out. These little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the membranes are agitated still further however, the ability to synthesize ATP is lost.
It should be possible to reconstitute the abilities of the vesicles if which of the following is added?
A. Cytochrome
B. Extra NADH
C. a second membrane surface
D. More electrons
E. Intact ATP synthase
Answer: E