Which of the following statements is false?
a. Statistical methods are applied to data in order to calculate the likelihood that the null hypothesis is incorrect.
b. Statistical tests analyze variation and calculate the probability that observed differences in an experiment could be due to random variation.
c. Statistical tests can be used to evaluate both comparative and controlled experiments.
d. Scientists generally conclude that the differences they measure are true if the statistical tests show that the probability of error is 5 percent or lower.
e. The power of science derives from absolute dependence on evidence that comes from reproducible and quantifiable observations.
Answer: D