Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular ________.
A) ions
B) deactivators
C) nucleotides
D) second messengers
Answer: D
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The Endocrine System
- What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid based hormones?
- How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?
- Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?
- Which of the following organs is affected by thyroid hormone in adults?
- A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.
- Eicosanoids do not include ________.
- In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________.
- Which organ does not have hormone production?
- The only amine hormone to act like a steroid is ________.
- Aldosterone ________.
- Which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis?
- ACTH ________.
- Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________.
- Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include ________.
- Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells?
- Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone?
- The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is ________.
- Leptin is secreted by ________.
- Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.
- Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP?
- The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through ________.
- The major targets of growth hormone are ________.
- One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?
- When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is ________.
- Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________.