Select the correct statement about serial processing.

Select the correct statement about serial processing. 

A) Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing.
B) Input travels along several different pathways.
C) Smells are processed by serial pathways.
D) Memories are triggered by serial processing.



Answer: A) Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing.

Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. Which of the following is correct?

Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. Which of the following is correct? 

A) Group A fibers are mostly somatic sensory and motor and are the smallest in diameter.
B) Group B fibers are highly myelinated and have the highest conduction velocities.
C) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction.
D) A small cross-sectional area allows shorter conduction times.



Answer: C) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction.

If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________.

If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. 

A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only
B) muscle contraction would occur
C) the impulse would spread bidirectionally
D) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only, and the muscle contraction would occur


Answer: C) the impulse would spread bidirectionally

In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________.

In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________. 

A) positively charged and contains less sodium
B) negatively charged and contains less sodium
C) negatively charged and contains more sodium
D) positively charged and contains more sodium


Answer: B) negatively charged and contains less sodium

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________.

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. 

A) the membrane potential has been reestablished
B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell
C) proteins have been resynthesized
D) all sodium gates are closed


Answer: A) the membrane potential has been reestablished

________ is an indolamine.

________ is an indolamine. 

A) Dopamine
B) Epinephrine
C) Serotonin
D) Tyrosine



Answer: C) Serotonin

Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes?

Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? 

A) Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels.
B) Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps.
C) Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.
D) The bulk of the solutions inside a cell are negatively charged.


Answer: B) Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps.

All of the following are true of graded potentials except that they ________.

All of the following are true of graded potentials except that they ________. 

A) are short-lived
B) can form on receptor endings
C) increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point
D) can be called postsynaptic potentials


Answer: C) increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point

When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________.

When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. 

A) postsynaptic potential
B) excitatory potential
C) action potential
D) generator potential


Answer: D) generator potential

Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane?

Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? 

A) Specific sodium gates will open.
B) Specific potassium gates will open.
C) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open.
D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium.


Answer: D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium.

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________.

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. 

A) a change in sodium ion permeability
B) hyperpolarization
C) opening of voltage-regulated channels
D) lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur


Answer: B) hyperpolarization

Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________.

Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. 

A) release nerve growth factor
B) are found on "pathfinder" neurons
C) are crucial in the production of neurotransmitters
D) are crucial for the development of neural connections


Answer: D) are crucial for the development of neural connections

Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?

Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? 

A) sodium
B) chloride
C) calcium
D) potassium


Answer: D) potassium

Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________.

Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. 

A) ependymal cells
B) microglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) astrocytes



Answer: C) oligodendrocytes

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________.

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. 

A) astrocytes
B) oligodendrocytes
C) microglia
D) Schwann cells


Answer: A) astrocytes

Ependymal cells ________.

Ependymal cells ________. 

A) are a type of neuron
B) are a type of macrophage
C) are the most numerous of the neuroglia
D) help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid


Answer: D) help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid

The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the ________.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the ________. 

A) central nervous system
B) voluntary nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) somatic nervous system


Answer: C) autonomic nervous system

Which group of fibers spreads impulses at up to 1 meter per second?

Which group of fibers spreads impulses at up to 1 meter per second? 

A) group A fibers
B) group B fibers
C) group C fibers
D) group D fibers


Answer: C) group C fibers

Which of the following is a good example of a neuromodulator?

Which of the following is a good example of a neuromodulator? 

A) acetylcholine
B) any protein
C) any carbohydrate
D) nitric oxide



Answer: D) nitric oxide

Select the correct statement about synapses.

Select the correct statement about synapses. 

A) Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled.
B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled.
C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of cells.
D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.


Answer: D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

An action potential ________.

An action potential ________. 

A) is essential for impulse propagation
B) involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane
C) is initiated by potassium ion movement
D) involves impulse propagation dependent on chemically gated ion channels


Answer: A) is essential for impulse propagation

The sodium-potassium pump ________.

The sodium-potassium pump ________. 

A) pumps three sodium ions outside the cell and two potassium ions inside
B) pumps two sodium ions outside the cell and three potassium ions inside
C) pumps three sodium ions inside the cell and two potassium ions outside
D) pumps two sodium ions inside the cell and three potassium ions outside


Answer: A) pumps three sodium ions outside the cell and two potassium ions inside

Choose the statement that is most correct about membrane potential.

Choose the statement that is most correct about membrane potential. 

A) Voltage would be measured by placing two electrodes on the exterior of the axon.
B) Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode inside the membrane and another outside the membrane.
C) Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode on one end of the axon and another electrode on the other end.
D) Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode on the axon and grounding the other electrode.


Answer: B) Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode inside the membrane and another outside the membrane.

The part of the neuron that normally receives stimuli is called ________.

The part of the neuron that normally receives stimuli is called ________. 

A) an axon
B) a dendrite
C) a neurolemma
D) a Schwann cell


Answer: B) a dendrite

Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential?

Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential? 

A) Na
B) Cl
C) Mg
D) Ca



Answer: A) Na

Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________.

Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. 

A) the myelin sheath
B) large nerve fibers
C) diphasic impulses
D) erratic transmission of nerve impulses


Answer: A) the myelin sheath

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________.

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. 

A) efferent neuron
B) afferent neuron
C) association neuron
D) glial cell


Answer: C) association neuron

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________.

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. 

A) ion
B) cholinesterase
C) neurotransmitter
D) biogenic amine


Answer: C) neurotransmitter

The term central nervous system refers to the ________.

The term central nervous system refers to the ________. 

A) autonomic nervous system
B) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
C) brain and spinal cord
D) spinal cord and spinal nerves


Answer: C) brain and spinal cord

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________.

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. 

A) nuclei
B) nerves
C) ganglia
D) tracts


Answer: C) ganglia

Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? 

A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract
B) innervation of cardiac muscle
C) innervation of glands
D) innervation of skeletal muscle


Answer: D) innervation of skeletal muscle

The role of acetylcholinesterase is to ________.

The role of acetylcholinesterase is to ________. 

A) act as a transmitting agent
B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh
C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings
D) stimulate the production of serotonin


Answer: C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings

The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the ________.

The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the ________. 

A) cell body
B) synapse
C) receptor
D) effector


Answer: B) synapse

The chemically gated channel, NMDA, allows ________ ions entry into the nerve cell.

The chemically gated channel, NMDA, allows ________ ions entry into the nerve cell. 

A) Na+
B) K+
C) Ca2+
D) Cl-


Answer: C) Ca2+

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________.

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. 

A) axon
B) dendrite
C) neurolemma
D) Schwann cell


Answer: A) axon

Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron?

Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? 

A) synaptic cleft
B) Nissl bodies
C) dendrites
D) axon


Answer: A) synaptic cleft

A neuronal circuit that concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a(n) ________.

A neuronal circuit that concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a(n) ________. 

A) diverging circuit
B) oscillating circuit
C) converging circuit
D) parallel circuit


Answer: C) converging circuit

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________.

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. 

A) resting period
B) repolarization
C) depolarization
D) absolute refractory period


Answer: D) absolute refractory period

A neural circuit in which a single impulse is transmitted over and over is a ________.

A neural circuit in which a single impulse is transmitted over and over is a ________. 

A) diverging circuit
B) converging circuit
C) reverberating circuit
D) repetitive circuit



Answer: C) reverberating circuit

An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is ________.

An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is ________. 

A) cholinesterase
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) gamma aminobutyric acid



Answer: C) acetylcholine

Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.

Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. 

A) motor neurons
B) called neuroglial cells
C) found in ganglia
D) found in the retina of the eye



Answer: D) found in the retina of the eye

The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________.

The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________. 

A) myelin sheath
B) axolemma
C) neurilemma
D) white matter



Answer: C) neurilemma

Ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid are called ________.

Ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid are called ________. 

A) ependymal cells
B) Schwann cells
C) oligodendrocytes
D) astrocytes



Answer: A) ependymal cells

Which of the following is correct relative to Ohm's law?

Which of the following is correct relative to Ohm's law? 

A) I = R / V
B) Current is directly proportional to the voltage.
C) R = V + I
D) The more intense the stimulus, the more voltage changes.



Answer: B) Current is directly proportional to the voltage.

Direct-acting neurotransmitters ________.

Direct-acting neurotransmitters ________. 

A) require cyclic AMP
B) mediate very slow responses
C) open ion channels to provoke rapid responses
D) act through second messengers




Answer: C) open ion channels to provoke rapid responses