Archive for April 2017

Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

Naim 11:07

Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry? 




A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.
B) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.
C) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.
D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.
E) If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis.




Answer: D

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Naim 11:06

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data? 





A) The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C.
B) The plant's height is 25 centimeters (cm).
C) The fish swam in a zigzag motion.
D) The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks.
E) The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds.





Answer: C

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?

Naim 11:06

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? 




A) Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.
B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.
C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.
D) Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing.
E) Theories are proved true; hypotheses are often falsified.




Answer: C

A controlled experiment is one that

Naim 11:06

A controlled experiment is one that 



A) proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results.
B) tests experimental and control groups in parallel.
C) is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate.
D) keeps all variables constant.
E) is supervised by an experienced scientist.





Answer: B

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because

Naim 11:05

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because 



A) protists eat bacteria.
B) bacteria are not made of cells.
C) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack.
D) bacteria decompose protists.
E) protists are photosynthetic.






Answer: C

Systems biology is mainly an attempt to

Naim 11:05

Systems biology is mainly an attempt to 



A) analyze genomes from different species.
B) simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units.
C) understand the behavior of entire biological systems.
D) build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data.
E) speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge.





Answer: C

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of natural selection is based?

Naim 11:05

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of natural selection is based? 



A) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
B) There is heritable variation among individuals.
C) Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources.
D) Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generally produce more offspring.
E) A population can become adapted to its environment over time.




Answer: A

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal?

Naim 11:05

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal? 



A) brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue
B) organ system, nervous tissue, brain
C) organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ
D) nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell
E) organ system, tissue, molecule, cell






Answer: D

All the organisms on your campus make up

Naim 11:04

All the organisms on your campus make up 




A) an ecosystem.
B) a community.
C) a population.
D) an experimental group.
E) a taxonomic domain.




Answer: B

The students plan to gather data from the project. Which of the following would be the best way to present what they gather from experimental groups as opposed to controls?

Naim 11:04

The students plan to gather data from the project. Which of the following would be the best way to present what they gather from experimental groups as opposed to controls? 




A) qualitatively, noting color, size, and so on
B) measuring the number of new colonies formed during every 12-hour period
C) counting the number of new colonies after a week
D) measuring the size of each new colony in millimeters (mm) of length
E) measuring the dry weight of all new colonies in grams




Answer: B

For their second experiment, the students want to know whether the Dinobryon have to live in colonies or can be free living. How might they proceed?

Naim 11:03

For their second experiment, the students want to know whether the Dinobryon have to live in colonies or can be free living. How might they proceed? 




A) Observe each day to see whether new organisms are ever reproduced as single cells.
B) Observe whether only specialized cells are able to divide to produce new colonies.
C) Divide a sample into single cells and measure the length of time they remain this way.
D) Divide a sample into single cells and observe them.
E) Divide a sample into single cells and see whether they come back together.






Answer: C

The students decide that for one of their experiments, they want to see whether the organisms can photosynthesize. Which of the following is the best hypothesis?

Naim 11:03

The students decide that for one of their experiments, they want to see whether the organisms can photosynthesize. Which of the following is the best hypothesis? 





A) If the Dinobryon can live > 5 days without added food, they must be able to photosynthesize.
B) If the Dinobryon can live without exposure to light for > 5 days, they must be able to photosynthesize.
C) If the Dinobryon photosynthesize, they must need no other minerals or nutrients and will be able to live in distilled water and light alone.
D) If the Dinobryon are kept in the dark, one-half will be expected to die in 5 days.
E) If the Dinobryon are able to photosynthesize, the students should be able to extract photosynthetic pigments.





Answer: E

Since these organisms are protists, which of these characteristics could the students assume to be true?

Naim 11:03
Golden algae are a group of protists whose color is due to carotenoid pigments: yellow and brown. Most have two flagella and all are photosynthetic. A group of students was given a significant sample of one of these (Dinobryon) that is colonial. Their instructions for the project were to design two or more experiments that could be done with these organisms.


Since these organisms are protists, which of these characteristics could the students assume to be true? 




A) The organisms are photosynthetic.
B) All of them are marine.
C) They are single-celled.
D) They lack membrane-bound organelles.
E) Each has a single circular molecule of DNA.



Answer: A

What do these two plants have in common?

Naim 11:02

What do these two plants have in common? 



A) adaptations to extreme heat
B) adaptations to conserve water
C) identical stem structures
D) identical flower structures
E) lack of photosynthesis






Answer: B

The illustration above most probably represents

Naim 11:02

The illustration above most probably represents 




A) a computer simulation of the structure of a eukaryotic cell.
B) a map of a network of protein interactions within a eukaryotic cell.
C) an inventory of all the genes in a fruit fly.
D) an X-ray diffraction image of the nucleus and cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
E) a computer-generated map of the interaction of genes and cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell.





Answer: B

Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety of subdisciplines, and diverse cultures?

Naim 11:02

Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety of subdisciplines, and diverse cultures? 



A) They can rectify each other's approach to make it truly scientific.
B) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.
C) Scientists can explain to others that they need to work in isolation to utilize the scientific method more productively.
D) This is another way of making science more reproducible.
E) Scientists need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groups are in consensus with the course of future research.






Answer: B

Which of the following best describes a model organism?

Naim 11:02

Which of the following best describes a model organism? 




A) It is often pictured in textbooks and easy for students to imagine.
B) It lends itself to many studies that are useful to beginning students.
C) It is well studied, easy to grow, and results are widely applicable.
D) It is small, inexpensive to raise, and lives a long time.
E) It has been chosen for study by the earliest biologists.




Answer: C

In a high school laboratory, which of the following constitutes an experiment?

Naim 11:01

In a high school laboratory, which of the following constitutes an experiment? 


I. learning to use a microscope by examining fixed specimens on slides
II. being able to examine swimming protists under a microscope
III. extracting pigments from plant leaves and separating the types of pigments for identification
IV. preparing root tips for examination by staining them




A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) II and III only
E) II, III, and IV



Answer: C

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?

Naim 11:01

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning? 



A) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic.
B) These organisms live in sunny parts of this area so they are able to photosynthesize.
C) If horses are always found grazing on grass, they can be only herbivores and not omnivores.
D) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating.
E) If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus.






Answer: A

Given the cooperativity of science, which of the following is most likely to result in an investigator being intellectually looked down upon by other scientists?

Naim 11:01

Given the cooperativity of science, which of the following is most likely to result in an investigator being intellectually looked down upon by other scientists? 




A) Making money as the result of studies in which a new medication is discovered.
B) Doing meticulous experiments that show data that contradict what has been previously reported by the scientific community.
C) Spending most of a lifetime investigating a small and seemingly unimportant organism.
D) Getting negative results from the same set of experiments.
E) Being found to have falsified or created data to better fit a hypothesis.




Answer: E

Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?

Naim 11:01

Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment? 




A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.
B) The control is left alone by the experimenters.
C) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimental variable.
D) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several.
E) Only the experimental group is tested or measured.



Answer: C

In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of their measurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data points are "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do?

Naim 11:00

In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of their measurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data points are "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do? 




A) Do not show these points but write a footnote that the graph represents the correct data.
B) Average several trials and therefore rule out the improbable results.
C) Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers.
D) Throw out this set of data and try again.
E) Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the expected results.





Answer: C

When a hypothesis cannot be written in an "If...then" format, what does this mean?

Naim 11:00

When a hypothesis cannot be written in an "If...then" format, what does this mean? 




A) It does not represent deductive reasoning.
B) It cannot be a scientific hypothesis.
C) The subject cannot be explored scientifically.
D) The hypothesized does not have sufficient information.
E) It cannot be testable.





Answer: A

Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?

Naim 10:59

Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis? 


I. It is testable.
II. It is falsifiable.
III. It produces quantitative data.
IV. It produces results that can be replicated.



A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II
E) III and IV





Answer: D

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?

Naim 10:59

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? 




A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of, the group in which the researcher predetermines the results.
B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects.
C) A control group is required for the development of an "If...then" statement.
D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable.
E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested.





Answer: E

A controlled experiment is one in which

Naim 10:58

A controlled experiment is one in which




A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.
B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data.
C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.
D) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables.
E) there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables.






Answer: C

Collecting data based on observation is an example of ________; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an example of ________ reasoning.

Naim 10:58

Collecting data based on observation is an example of ________; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an example of ________ reasoning. 



A) hypothesis-based science; inductive
B) the process of science; deductive
C) discovery science; inductive
D) descriptive science; deductive
E) hypothesis-based science; deductive





Answer: C

The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as

Naim 10:58

The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as 




A) hypothesis-based science.
B) discovery science.
C) experimental science.
D) quantitative science.
E) qualitative science.




Answer: B

Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists?

Naim 10:58

Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists? 



A) It provides a framework within which all biological investigation makes sense.
B) It is recognized as the core theme of biology by organizations such as the National Science Foundation.
C) Controversy about this theory provides a basis for a great deal of experimental research.
D) Since it cannot be proven, biologists will be able to study evolutionary possibilities for many years.
E) Biologists do not subscribe to alternative models.






Answer: A

Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficiently recorded by scientists in which field(s) of study?

Naim 10:57

Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficiently recorded by scientists in which field(s) of study? 




A) paleontology
B) paleontology and anatomy
C) paleontology, anatomy, and taxonomy
D) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, and genetics
E) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, genetics, and ecology






Answer: E

According to Darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for evolutionary success?

Naim 10:57

According to Darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for evolutionary success? 




A) the species with the longest life
B) the individuals within a population that have the greatest reproductive success
C) the phylum with members that occupy the greatest number of habitats
D) the community of organisms that is capable of living in the most nutrient-poor biome
E) the organism that produces its own nutrients most efficiently




Answer: B

What are archaea?

Naim 10:57

What are archaea? 




A) Prokaryotes characterized as extremophiles that share some bacterial and some eukaryotic traits.
B) Organisms that are adapted to high temperature environments, such as in volcanic springs.
C) Single-celled organisms that are killed by the application of antibiotics at certain concentrations.
D) Bacteria-like organisms that can live only in extreme salt environments.
E) Primitive protist-like creatures possessing fewer than two chromosomes per cell.






Answer: A

What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?

Naim 10:57

What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi? 




A) gaining nutrition through ingestion
B) being sedentary
C) being prokaryotic
D) absorbing dissolved nutrients
E) being decomposers of dead organisms




Answer: D

Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?

Naim 10:56

Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking? 



A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.




Answer: D

Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species?

Naim 10:56

Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species? 





A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.




Answer: C

What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain?

Naim 10:55

What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain? 




A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains.
B) All eukary belong to one domain.
C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain.
D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain.
E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains.




Answer: B

Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by

Naim 10:55

Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by 




A) natural philosophy.
B) creationism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.




Answer: D

In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will

Naim 10:55

In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will 




A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
E) rapidly increase.






Answer: B

Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?

Naim 10:55

Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense? 




A) a re-productively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce





Answer: B

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess

Naim 10:54

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess 




A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.





Answer: D

Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?

Naim 10:54

Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? 




A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success.







Answer: E

Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?

Naim 10:54

Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? 




A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts




Answer: B

A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?

Naim 10:54

A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism? 





A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi





Answer: E

Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?

Naim 10:53

Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem? 




A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats.
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas.
E) Recycle as much as possible.





Answer: D

When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of

Naim 10:52

When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of 




A) catalytic feedback
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) bioinformatic regulation
E) protein-protein interactions





Answer: C

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?

Naim 10:52

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation? 




A) a bioinformatic system
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) feedback inhibition
E) enzymatic catalysis







Answer: B

To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

Naim 10:52

To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology? 




A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
E) feedback regulation




Answer: C

You have isolated a previously unstudied protein, identified its complete structure in detail and determined that it catalyzes the breakdown of a large substrate. You notice it has two binding sites. One of theses is large, apparently the bonding site for the large substrate; the other is small, possibly a binding site for a regulatory molecule. What do these finding tell you about the mechanism of this protein?

Naim 11:39

You have isolated a previously unstudied protein, identified its complete structure in detail and determined that it catalyzes the breakdown of a large substrate. You notice it has two binding sites. One of theses is large, apparently the bonding site for the large substrate; the other is small, possibly a binding site for a regulatory molecule. What do these finding tell you about the mechanism of this protein?




a. it is probably an enzyme that works through allosteric regulation
b. it is probably an enzyme that works through competitive inhibition
c. it is probably a cell membrane transport protein-like an ion channel
d. it is probably a structural protein that is involved in cell-to-cell adhesion





Answer: A

What is substance X?

Naim 11:39

What is substance X?



a. the product
b. a substrate
c. an allosteric inhibitor
d. an intermediate





Answer: B

In the figure, why does the reaction rate plateau at higher reactant concentrations?

Naim 11:39

In the figure, why does the reaction rate plateau at higher reactant concentrations?



a. the reaction nears equilibrium at high reactant concentrations
b. the rate of the reverse reaction increases with reactant concentration
c. feedback inhibition by product occurs at high reactant concentrations
d. most enzyme molecules are occupied by substrate at high reactant concentrations







Answer: D

A noncompetitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme reaction by____.

Naim 11:38

A noncompetitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme reaction by____.



a. binding at the active site of the enzyme
b. acting as a coenzyme for the reaction
c. changing the free energy change of the reaction
d. changing the shape of the enzyme's active site






Answer: D

According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, ______.

Naim 11:38

According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, ______.




a. the binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site
b. some enzymes change their structure when activators bind to the enzyme
c. the active site created a microenvironment ideal for the reaction
d. the binding of the substrate depends on the shape of the active site




Answer: A

Which of the following is true of enzymes?

Naim 11:38

Which of the following is true of enzymes?




a. enzyme function is independent of physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH and temperature
b. enzyme function is increased if the 3-D structure or conformation of an enzyme is altered
c. enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation barriers
d. enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by providing activation energy to the substrate




Answer: C

Refer to the figure. If the carbon atom of each of the incoming CO2 molecules is labeled with a radioactive isotope of carbon, which organic molecules will be radioactively labeled after one cycle?

Naim 11:37

Refer to the figure. If the carbon atom of each of the incoming CO2 molecules is labeled with a radioactive isotope of carbon, which organic molecules will be radioactively labeled after one cycle?





a. C,D, and E only
b. B,C,D, and E
c. B and C only
d. C only






Answer: B

In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces G3P, what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?

Naim 11:36

In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces G3P, what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?




a. regeneration of NADP+
b. regeneration of RuBP
c. regeneration of ATP from ADP
d. addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH





Answer: B

What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle?

Naim 11:36

What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle?



a. synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide
b. split water and release oxygen
c. use NADPH to release carbon dioxide
d. transport RuBP out of the chloroplast





Answer: A

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Naim 11:36

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?



a. interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space)
b. outer membrane of the chloroplasts
c. stroma of the chloroplasts
d. thylakoid membrane




Answer: C

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

Naim 11:35

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?




a. removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules
b. reduction of NADP+ molecules
c. creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane
d. carbon fixation in the stroma





Answer: A

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

Naim 11:35

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?



a. photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules
b. photosynthesis occurs only in plants; respiration occurs only in animals
c. photosynthesis is catabolic; respiration is anabolic
d. respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse





Answer: A

In mitochondria, chemiosmosis moves protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis moves protons from the ____.

Naim 11:34

In mitochondria, chemiosmosis moves protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis moves protons from the ____.





a. thylakoid space to the stroma
b. matrix to the stroma
c. inter membrane space to the matrix
d. stroma to the thylakoid space





Answer: D

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

Naim 11:34

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?



a. inner mitochondrial membrane only
b. thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
c. thylakoid membrane only
d. thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane





Answer: B

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?

Naim 11:33

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?




a. extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water
b. passing electrons to the cytochrome complex
c. receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain
d. generation of molecular oxygen





Answer: C

In the thylakoid membranes, the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex_____.

Naim 11:33

In the thylakoid membranes, the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex_____. 





a. transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH
b. synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi
c. absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
d. split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll




Answer: C

As electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II, they lose energy. What happens to this energy?

Naim 11:32

As electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II, they lose energy. What happens to this energy?




a. it excites electrons of the reaction center of photosystem I
b. it is used to phosphorylate NAD+ to NADPH, the molecule that accepts electrons from photosystem I
c. It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient
d. it is lost as heat





Answer: C

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?

Naim 11:31

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?




a. they enable the plant to absorb more photons from light energy, all of which are at the same wavelength
b. they enable the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level
c. this arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths
d. excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors




Answer: C

The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

Naim 11:30

The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?



a. other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a
b. aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis
c. green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths
d. oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light





Answer: A
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